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Nciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemboni yensimbi engagqwali

Isikhathi: 2021-01-12 Ukushaya: 60

Umbono: Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iKomidi Eliyinhloko Leqembu kanye noMkhandlu Wombuso banamathisele ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuguqulweni kokukhishwa okuphansi kwensimbi nensimbi. Emihlanganweni eminingi ebalulekile kanye nemibiko yomsebenzi kahulumeni, kuye kwahlongozwa ukuthi kuthuthukiswe uguquko lwe-ultra-low emission embonini yensimbi nensimbi. "Imibono Ngokuphromotha Ukuqaliswa Kokukhishwa Okuncane Okuncane Embonini Yensimbi Neyensimbi" ( Ngemva kokukhishwa kwe-Huan Taiqi [2019] No. 35), zonke izifunda kudingeka zenze uguquko lwe-ultra-low emission embonini yensimbi izigaba nezifunda. Imikhawulo yokukhipha inhlabathi "emibonweni" ibizwa nangokuthi "izindinganiso eziqine kakhulu emlandweni" ngochwepheshe bemboni. Ngaphansi kwalesi simo esijwayelekile, ngokuhlanganisa izidingo zenkomba zokukhishwa kwezinhlayiyana kudokhumenti kanye nesimo samanje sobuchwepheshe bokususa uthuli lwezwe lami, qhathanisa izinzuzo nezingozi zobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko bokususa uthuli ngokuqashelwa okuphezulu embonini, futhi nixoxe ngokukhetha. yezindlela zobuchwepheshe zokususa uthuli ngaphansi kwezidingo ezintsha. Futhi uthuthukise imibono ukuze isetshenziswe izinkampani zensimbi ezifanele futhi usize ukunqoba impi ngokumelene nesibhakabhaka esiluhlaza.
Ukuze kusetshenziswe izinqumo nokusatshalaliswa kweKomidi Elikhulu Leqembu kanye NoMkhandlu Wezwe, ngo-Ephreli 2019, uMnyango Wezemvelo Nezemvelo, kanye neKhomishana Yezokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko kanye Nomnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi, ngokuhlanganyela bakhipha "Imibono. Ekuphromotheni Ukusetshenziswa Kokukhishwa Okuncane Okuncane Embonini Yensimbi” (ngemuva kwalokhu okubizwa ngokuthi “Imibono”). "Imibono" iphinde yaqinisa izindinganiso zokuqala zokuphuma kwezinhlayiya ezinqubweni zensimbi ezihlukahlukene, futhi yaphakamisa ukuthi ukukhishwa kwe-ultra-low kubhekisele kokuphansi kakhulu kuyo yonke inqubo. Iphinde ibeke phambili izidingo zenqubekelaphambili zoshintsho olusezingeni eliphansi kakhulu ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene, okuqhubekisela phambili ukukhuthaza ukususwa kothuli nobuchwepheshe bokwelapha embonini yensimbi. Shintsha. Kodwa-ke, okwamanje, amabhizinisi amaningi afuywayo ensimbi nensimbi anenqubo ende yokuguqula isithando somlilo, enezinqubo eziningi neziyinkimbinkimbi. Akuwona umsebenzi olula ukuhlangabezana namazinga okukhishwa kwezinhlayiyana zayo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi asekhaya ensimbi nensimbi akulingani, futhi amandla okukhiqiza angahlangabezani namazinga okuvikela imvelo aseyivelakancane. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa nokuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zokususa uthuli kubalulekile. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwesimo senqubomgomo yokuvikelwa kwemvelo yamanje, ukufuna ukuzuza umkhawulo wokukhipha umoya ophansi kakhulu wezinhlayiya zothuli esikhathini esifushane akungabazeki ukuthi inkinga ephuthuma kakhulu izinkampani zensimbi ezibhekene nazo.
Isibuko-Igolide1
1. Izidingo zokulawula izinto ezithile ekuguqulweni kokungcoliswa komoya okuphansi kakhulu
Ngo-April 2019, “Imibono” yethulwa ngokusemthethweni, eyasusa isivunguvungu sokuvikelwa kwemvelo kwensimbi, yamemezela ukuthi imboni yensimbi yezwe lami lonke isingene esimweni esijwayelekile soguquko oluphansi kakhulu lwesisi. Mayelana nezinkomba zezinhlayiya, "Imibono" idinga igesi yokukhipha umoya ngendlela ekhishwayo ekhishwayo, inhloko yomshini we-sintering kanye ne-pellet roasted flue gas (okuhlanganisa nesithando somlilo se-shaft, i-grate-rotary kiln, i-roaster yebhande), inqubo ye-coking ye-coke oven chimney exhaust gas , Okunye imithombo emikhulu yokungcoliswa kwemvelo (okuhlanganisa umsila womshini wokucwilisa, ukushaja amalahle, ukucisha okomile kwe-coke, izitofu ze-hot blast, imigodi yesithando somlilo kanye nezindlu zokumpompa, ukulungiswa kwensimbi eshisayo, isiguquli segesi yesibili ephumayo, njll.) Isilinganiso sehora esimaphakathi sokukhishwa kwe-particle matter, njll. ayiphezulu Ku-10 mg/m3, isilinganiso sehora esimaphakathi sokuphuma okungenani esingu-95% sesikhathi ngenyanga sihlangabezana nezinga; igesi yemfucuza isesimweni esingahlelekile, izinto ezidluliswayo kanye namaphoyinti avaliwe, i-sintering, i-pelletizing, i-ayina, i-coking nezinye izinqubo zokuchotshozwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuhlunga, izinsiza zokususa uthuli kufanele zihlinzekwe ukuze kusetshenziswe imishini yokuxuba nokusika izicucu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, “Imibono” iphinde yaveza ukuthi amabhizinisi kufanele akhethe ubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe nobusebenzayo bokuguqula imvelo ngokuhambisana nezimo zasefekthri, futhi akhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo ezithuthukisiwe zokususa uthuli njengabaqoqi bothuli besikhwama esifakwe ifilimu kanye nabaqoqi bothuli be-cartridge. , ekhomba isiqondiso sokukhethwa kobuchwepheshe bokwelapha ukususa uthuli. .
2. Isimo samanje sohlelo lokusebenza lobuchwepheshe lokususa uthuli
Ngemva kokuphenya amabhizinisi ensimbi nensimbi angaphezu kuka-20, kutholakala ukuthi cishe wonke amabhizinisi ensimbi nensimbi asebenzisa isihlungi sezikhwama esisebenza kahle kakhulu noma isihlungi se-cartridge ukwelapha igesi ekhipha uthuli equkethe uthuli, futhi ezinye izinqubo ezikhiqiza igesi yokukhipha imfucuza emanzi zisebenzisa i-electrostatic precipitators emanzi. Le nkampani ikholelwa ukuthi lezi zinqubo ezivuthiwe zinomphumela omuhle kakhulu wokwelapha uthuli kanye nemfucuza yegesi, okufana nobuchwepheshe bokususa uthuli olushiwo "Kumibono". Ukwengeza, ngokuvumelana nobuchwepheshe obunokwenzeka bokwelashwa kwezinhlayiya zegesi ephumayo echazwe “Ezicacisweni Zobuchwepheshe Zokufaka Isicelo Semvume Yokungcolisa Nokukhishwa”, ngaphandle kwegesi yokukhipha umoya ekhiqizwa isigayo esishisayo, enye igesi yokukhipha umoya. amanodi okukhiqiza ukungcola angaphathwa ngothuli lwezikhwama (isembozo). Isihlungi se-Membrane) kanye nenqubo yokususa uthuli lwe-cartridge. Ngakho-ke, lesi sihloko sihlaziya kakhulu izinzuzo nezingozi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwesikhwama kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhipha uthuli lwekhatriji yesihlungi.
Isihlungi sesikhwama sivele ngaphambili futhi sasetshenziswa ekuqaleni kokuphela kwe-Westernization Movement. Ngokuyinhloko yayisetshenziselwa ukuhlunga igesi eyomile, enothuli enosayizi omncane wezinhlayiyana. Isikhwama sokuhlunga senziwe ngemicu yokuhlunga ehlukahlukene (i-chemical fibre noma i-glass fiber) ngokwelukwa noma ngokuputshulwa kwezinaliti, futhi sisebenzisa umsebenzi wokuhlunga wendwangu yefayibha ukuhlunga igesi equkethe uthuli. Umqoqi wothuli wohlobo lwe-cartridge ubonakale sekwephuzile kakhulu. Ngawo-1970, abanye abasebenzisi bavela emazweni aseNtshonalanga. Babekholelwa ukuthi lolu hlobo lomqoqi wothuli lwaluncane ngosayizi, luthuthuke kakhulu ekucubunguleni ukusebenza kahle, futhi kulula ukulugcina. Kodwa-ke, uma kudingekile ukuphatha igesi enothuli ngomthamo omkhulu womoya, umphumela wokwelapha uzoba mpofu ngenxa yomthamo omncane we-precipitator, okunzima ukuyifaka emabhizinisini amakhulu ezimboni, ngakho-ke ayizange ikhuthazwe kabanzi kwabaningi. iminyaka. Kusukela ekhulwini lama-21, ubuchwepheshe bezinto ezibonakalayo emhlabeni buye bathuthuka ngokushesha. Ezinye izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe ziye zahola ekuthuthukiseni isakhiwo kanye nezinto zokuhlunga zomqoqi wothuli, zandisa umthamo jikelele izikhathi eziningana futhi zibe umqoqi omkhulu wothuli onendawo yokuhlunga engaphezu kuka-2,000 m2.
3. Ukuhlaziywa okuqhathanisayo kobuchwepheshe bokususa uthuli
1. Umqoqi wothuli lwesikhwama
(1) Isimiso sokusebenza sesihlungi sesikhwama
Igesi equkethe uthuli ingena emhubheni wokungenisa umoya ovela ku-hood yokukhipha uthuli, futhi lapho ifika endaweni yokuphuma, idonswa yi-fan yokusalungiswa eyenziwe, bese isikhwama sokuhlunga uthuli esine-fibrous sisetshenziselwa ukubamba intuthu nothuli ngosizo. amandla adonsela phansi kanye ne-inertia.
(2) Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta ukusebenza kwesihlungi sesikhwama
Ukusebenza kwesihlungi sezikhwama ikakhulukazi kuhlanganisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha uthuli, ukulahlekelwa ingcindezi kanye nempilo yesevisi. Izinto eziyinhloko ezinquma ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha uthuli kanye nempilo yesevisi yesihlungi sesikhwama zihlanganisa isilinganiso somoya nendwangu, uhlobo lwempahla yokuhlunga, nokukhetha kwezindlela zokususa uthuli.
Isihlungi sesihlungi sesikhwama sishintshile ukusuka kumafayibha avamile kuya kumafiber acwebile, bese kuya kumafayibha amise okwesipesheli esiphambanweni, bese kuba ukwakheka kolwelwesi lwe-ePTFE. Imicu evamile ayikwazi ukulawula izinhlayiya zothuli oluhle, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukushintsha isakhiwo se-fiber noma ukusebenzisa amandla angaphandle ukuze kuzuzwe ukulawulwa kokukhipha uthuli oluphansi kakhulu; i-ultra-fine fine shape cross-section fibers inendawo engaphezulu ethize enkulu, okuholela endaweni enkulu yokuhlunga, ngaleyo ndlela yehlise isilinganiso soMoya nendwangu; Ulwelwesi lwe-ePTFE lunganqamula izinhlayiya zothuli endaweni yolwelwesi. Njengamanje, ukukhethwa kwezinto zokuhlunga ulwelwesi lwempahla yesikhwama sokuhlunga kuwukukhetha okunekhono eliphakeme lokususa uthuli.
2. Umqoqi wothuli we-Cartridge
Umgomo wokusebenza komqoqi wothuli we-cartridge ye-cartridge: Igesi equkethe uthuli ingena emhubheni wokungenisa umoya ngomqoqi wothuli, futhi yethulwa ebhokisini yisiphepho esisalungiswa esikhishwe ngaphandle. Ngenxa yokuthi ibhokisi linobubanzi obukhudlwana kunepayipi, ukugeleza komoya kuyakhula, futhi izinhlayiya ezinkulu zothuli ezinzima kakhulu zihlaliswa ngamandla adonsela phansi, Izinhlayiya ezincane zothuli ezilula zingena kukhatriji yesihlungi nokugeleza komoya, futhi zivinjwa isici sokuhlunga ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge lwemiphumela ebanzi bese ihlukaniswa nomoya.
3. Ukuqhathaniswa kwezinzuzo kanye nokubi kwesihlungi sesikhwama nesihlungi se-cartridge
Umqoqi wothuli wohlobo lwesikhwama kanye nomqoqi wothuli we-cartridge we-cartridge unezinzuzo zabo kanye nokubi enqubweni yokusebenzisa. Lapho kukhethwa inqubo yokususa uthuli, kufanele kucatshangelwe kabanzi isimo senkampani ngokwayo. Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kuboniswa kuThebula 1.
Okwesine, ukuhlaziya udaba lwesicelo esisebenzayo sebhizinisi
Thatha ukuguqulwa kwenqubo yokususa uthuli ingxenye yenqubo yomgodi wesithando somlilo weqembu lensimbi esifundazweni sase-Hebei njengesibonelo. Inkampani ekuqaleni yasebenzisa isihlungi sesikhwama ukuze isuse uthuli lwegesi yokukhipha umoya ekhiqizwe engxenyeni yomgodi wesithando somlilo. Kodwa-ke, kutholakale ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa ukuthi kuzodala ukudideka ngenxa yezimo zokusebenza. Inkinga yesikhwama. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yomphumela omubi wokukhipha uthuli wesikhwama sokuhlunga, ukukhishwa kwegesi ekhishwayo yalesi sigaba akukwazi ukuhlangabezana ngokuzinzile nezidingo zezindinganiso zokukhishwa kwe-ultra-low. Icabangela isimo sokufinyelela izinga kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu ukuze kuthathelwe indawo isikhwama sokuhlunga, inkampani yanquma ukuguqula inqubo yokususa uthuli futhi esikhundleni sesihlungi sesikhwama ngesihlungi sekhatriji yesihlungi. Amapharamitha kanye nokuqhathaniswa komphumela ngaphambi nangemva koshintsho kukhonjisiwe kuThebula 2.
Ngokwedatha yokuqapha ku-inthanethi ngaphambi nangemva koshintsho, ukugcwala kwezinhlayiyana zegesi ephumayo kulesi sigaba kwehliswe kakhulu, futhi ingafinyelela ngokuzinza phakathi kuka-10 mg/m3, ihlangabezana nezidingo zezindinganiso zokukhishwa kwe-ultra-low. Uma kuqhathaniswa nangaphambi kokuguqulwa, ngemva kokusebenzisa umqoqi wothuli we-cartridge wokuhlunga, inkinga yokugqoka kalula nokuvuza kwesikhwama sokuhlunga kuyagwenywa, ngokuyisisekelo ingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokugcinwa, ngisho noma i-cartridge yokuhlunga isusiwe futhi ishintshwe, kulula kakhulu, futhi ikhulisiwe endaweni elinganiselwe. Indawo yokuhlunga ephumelelayo iyancipha, umehluko wengcindezi mncane, futhi umphumela wokususa uthuli uzinzile. Kodwa ngemva kokufaka esikhundleni somqoqi wothuli we-cartridge wokuhlunga, kukhona nokushiyeka okuthile.
Ngokuxhumana nabasebenzi bangaphakathi benkampani, umlobi wafunda ukuthi imishini ngemva kokuguqulwa iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunangaphambili, futhi inkampani idinga ukuba nezinga eliphezulu lokuthunyelwa kwemishini, ukufakwa nokuphathwa kokugcinwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhetha komqoqi wothuli we-cartridge ye-filter yezinhlobo zothuli olomile akukuhle njengoba kulindelekile, futhi ayinakho ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha uthuli kuzo zonke izinhlobo zothuli. Uma ufuna ukukusebenzisa kuzo zonke izinqubo, kusadingeka ukuthi kube ukucwaninga nokuthuthukiswa okujulile. Ngokuvamile, ngaphansi kwesimo sokuvikelwa kwemvelo esikhulayo, esisekelwe ekucatshangelweni kokuthotshelwa kwemvelo, umphumela wokubuyisela usabaluleke kakhulu.
Okwesihlanu, iziphakamiso ezifingqiwe
1. Iziphakamiso zokukhetha inqubo
Okwamanje, ngaphandle kokucabangela ukususwa kothuli olumanzi, ukukhethwa okungcono kakhulu kobuchwepheshe bokususa uthuli esimweni sokukhishwa kwe-ultra-low kufanele kube umqoqi wothuli we-cartridge kanye nesihlungi sesikhwama. Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zabaqoqi uthuli zinezinzuzo zazo kanye nokubi. Ngokuguqulwa kwe-ultra-low particulate emission yamabhizinisi ensimbi, kunconywa ukuthi amabhizinisi angakhetha ubuchwepheshe bokususa uthuli ngokuya ngezimo zangempela kanye nezidingo zabo. Uma inqubo yokukhipha uthuli lwesikhwama yasekuqaleni ingakakwazi ukufeza izindinganiso ezizinzile zokukhipha, isinyathelo sokuqala kungaba Cabangela ukufaka esikhundleni se-PTFE microporous membrane kanye ne-ultra-fine fine surface surface filter gradient. Okwesibili, cabanga ukufaka esikhundleni senqubo yokususa uthuli lwekhatriji ukuze uqedele ukuguqulwa kokungcoliswa komoya okuphansi kakhulu futhi uzuze ukukhishwa okujwayelekile.
2. Iziphakamiso zedizayini yobunjiniyela
Ukuze kusizwe izinkampani zihlangabezane nezidingo ezifanele “zemibono” futhi zinikeze izinkomba zokuklama nokwakhiwa kobunjiniyela, ngoJanuwari 2020, i-China Environmental Protection Industry Association yakhipha “Imihlahlandlela Yobuchwepheshe Yokwakhiwa Kabusha Kwezimboni Zensimbi Nezinsimbi”, lapho inqubo yokukhipha uthuli lwezikhwama esebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nokuhlunga Inqubo yokususa uthuli lwezigubhu iphakamisa uchungechunge lwamanani ereferensi yepharamitha, futhi kuyanconywa ukuthi amabhizinisi angabhekisela kuwo ohlelweni lokuguqulwa kokukhipha umoya ophansi kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezimeni zawo zangempela. . Ukuthatha isihlungi sesikhwama njengesibonelo, kunconywa ukuthi uma inkampani yenza inkontileka, isivinini somoya sokuhlunga kufanele sidizayinelwe ukuba sibe ngaphansi kuka-0.8 m/min. Isivinini somoya sokuhlunga lapha kufanele sibe isivinini somoya sokuhlunga esigcwele. Isivinini somoya sokuhlunga esigcwele isivinini somoya esibalwe ngokwethiyori. Lapho umqoqi wothuli ongaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi ehlanza uthuli, omunye wemigqomo uzovalwa futhi isivinini somoya sokuhlunga sangempela sizokhuphuka. Lesi futhi isikhathi lapho ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kungenzeka kakhulu kudlule izinga, ngakho imfuneko isivinini somoya sokuhlunga esigcwele; Kunconywa ukuthi umqoqi wothuli uklanywe nge-deflector ukulawula ukusatshalaliswa komoya. Uma i-deflector ingakhethiwe, isikhwama sokuhlunga noma i-cartridge yokuhlunga izogezwa ukugeleza komoya futhi kunciphise impilo yesevisi.
I-"Blue Sky Defense" ingene esigabeni sokugcina sokubhekana nezinkinga ezinzima. Njengenkundla yempi eyinhloko yokuvimbela nokulawula ukungcoliswa komoya, imboni yensimbi ibalulekile ekuguquleni ukungcola okuphansi kakhulu. Izinkampani zensimbi nensimbi kufanele ziphendule ngenkuthalo, zicacise imibono yokulawula ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, futhi zikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yemvelo kanye nokuthuthukiswa koshintsho ezimbonini.

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